Design Mixture of Non- Load Bearing Concrete Hollow Blocks using Rice Husk Ash and Animal Bones (Pig and Cow) as Partial Replacement for Cement and Fine Aggregates

This research investigates the utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and animal bones (pig and cow ) as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregates in the proeduction of concrete hollow blocks (CHBs). The study builds on prior research focused on sustainable materials in contruction, furthering the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. The mixtures were cured in accordance with ASTM C192 and tested for mechanical properties per ASTM C140 standards, including compressive strength, water absorption, and dry density. Laboratory tests revealed that these sustainable alternatives deliver promising results, with notable improvements in compressive strength, water absorption, and dry density. Specifically, Mixture 4, which included 10% RHA and 15% animal bone replacement, exhibited the highest compressive strength of 7.12 MPa after 14 days, a water absorption rate of 9.84%, and a density of 2513 kg/m3. These findings align with previous studies on the effectiveness of RHA and animal bones in enhancing concrete properties. The study recommends the adoption of RHA and animal bones in CHB production to enhance sustainability, reduce environmental impact, and potentially lower production costs. By optimizing the replacement percentages and ensuring compliance with industry standards, the proposed concrete mixtures offer a viable solution for sustainable contruction practices, contributing to the growing body of research dedicated to eco-friendly building materials.