Precision Microclimate Control Using IoT for Enhanced Mushroom Production

Environmental factors are essential to effective mushroom cultivation, as controlled moisture, humidity, and temperature directly affect yield, quality, and growth. This study introduces the design and development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electronic management system for optimizing mushroom farming environments through real-time monitoring and automated control. The system continuously monitors temperature, soil moisture, and humidity, sending sensor data to the ThingSpeak platform to generate a visual representation for remote access and analysis, ensuring stable and optimal conditions. Automated sprinklers efficiently maintain humidity and moisture levels, minimizing water loss and distributing moisture evenly across the growing chamber. A prototype was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional mushroom production systems, which are often hindered by changing environmental conditions. Over a two-week evaluation, the controlled environment produced a significantly higher yield and cap diameter (mean = 352.5g and 17- 20cm) compared to the non-controlled setup (136g and 7-14cm), with growth occurring 64% earlier. The post-evaluation survey indicated a weighted mean rating of 4.8 for functionality and 4.6 for effectiveness, with most aspects rated as "Very Highly Functional" and "Very Highly Effective". The results demonstrate that controlling uniform microclimate parameters leads to improved mushroom yield, quality, and labor reduction, making commercial mushroom cultivation more sustainable and profitable.