AquaSense: An IoT-Based Smart System for Automated Feeding, Water Quality Monitoring, and Aeration in Fishponds

Aquaculture productivity in tilapia farming is highly influenced by water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and feeding efficiency. Traditional fishpond management relies on manual monitoring and feeding, which often leads to suboptimal conditions and resource waste. This study developed AquaSense, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart system that automates feeding, monitors water quality, and controls aeration to maintain stable pond environments. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller, DS18B20 temperature sensor, DO sensor, servo motor-driven feeder, and aerator pump, all synchronized through the Network Time Protocol (NTP) for precise feeding schedules. Data acquisition and control were managed through the Blynk mobile platform, allowing real-time visualization and remote supervision. System performance was tested in laboratory and field conditions. Results showed high accuracy in temperature and DO sensing, maintaining optimal water parameters. Automated feeding occurred at programmed times with consistent 40-second dispensing cycles. Evaluation by 50 fishpond operators yielded "Very Satisfied" ratings in Effectiveness (4.50), Accuracy (4.58), and Reliability (4.44), confirming the system’s operational stability and usability. The findings demonstrate that AquaSense effectively reduces labor dependency, ensures consistent feeding, and promotes healthier aquatic conditions.